[111] The military seized control in 1968, bringing the National Reformation Council into power. The SLPP leadership, led by Sir Milton Margai, negotiated with the British and the educated Krio-dominated colony based in Freetown to achieve independence.[42]. [123], As of 2016, about 12% of the population of Sierra Leone had access to electricity. Thousands of Sierra Leoneans took to the streets in celebration. Reduction in identity fraud. Riots in 1955 and 1956 involved "many tens of thousands" of Sierra Leonians in the protectorate.[40]. Under President Stevens, the SSD had been a powerful personal force used to maintain his hold on power, independent from the Sierra Leone Military and Sierra Leone Police Force. Carte Sierra Leone Vous recherchez la carte ou le plan de Sierra Leone et de ses environs ? President Kabbah took power with a great promise of ending the civil war. In 2014 an Ebola virus epidemic in Sierra Leone began, which had widespread impact on the country,[64] including forcing Sierra Leone to declare a state of emergency. [36] It is documented that the recaptive apprentices were unpaid and the settlers who they were appointed to had devices which could be used to discipline them, namely sticks. Hauteur de Vague. There are organised youth and adult football tournaments across the country, and there are various primary and secondary schools with football teams across Sierra Leone. Elle s'étend sur une superficie de 71 740 kilomètres carrés, dans le golfe de Guinée, en Afrique occidentale, et elle est délimité Major port cities are Bonthe, Freetown, Sherbro Island and Pepel. Annual production of Sierra Leone's diamond estimates range between US$250 million–$300 million. [51], Stevens assumed power again in 1968 with a great deal of hope and ambition. The Temne are said to migrated from Futa Jallon, which is in present-day Guinea. Together these peoples created a new creole ethnicity called the Krio people (initially called Creoles) and a trading language, Krio, which became commonly used among many of the ethnicities in the country. During the British annexation to Sierra Leone, there were several chiefs in the Northern and Southern part of the country who were also resisting the hut tax war but they used diplomacy to achieve their goal. Sierra Leone Travel Advisory with respect to Covid-19. Although tennis is not very popular in the country, up-and-coming American player Frances Tiafoe is the son of two Sierra Leoneans who emigrated to the United States. Other figures are estimates from the source cited. The situation is particularly serious as fishing provides the only source of income for many communities in a country still recovering from over a decade of civil war.[80]. Les ressortissants français souhaitant séjourner en Sierra Leone sont soumis à une obligation de visa. The country has 2,090 known species of higher plants, 147 mammals, 626 birds, 67 reptiles, 35 amphibians, and 99 fish species. Many of the national team footballers are celebrities across Sierra Leone and they are often well known by the general population. SLBC transmits radio on FM and has two television services, one of which is uplinked by satellite for international consumption. [137][138][139][140], According to the World Refugee Survey 2008, published by the US Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Sierra Leone had a population of 8,700 refugees and asylum seekers at the end of 2007. The results were that 64% of children were diagnosed with ARI where firewood stoves were used, and 44% where charcoal stoves were used. He was later unfairly portrayed as a prime instigator of the Hut Tax war in 1898.[38]. Consultez aussi les autres cartes des pays africains, ainsi que les fonds de carte et les photos du ciel et par satellite. Sierra Leone has a vibrant Ahmaddiya Muslim population, especially in the southern city of Bo, that is home to a large Ahmadiyya Muslim population. [146] Most of Sierra Leone's ethnic groups are Muslim majority, including the country's two largest ethnic groups: the Mende and Temne. [35] They built a flourishing trade in flowers and beads on the West African coast. [207] It is hoped that a new dam in Orugu, for which China committed financing in 2009, will alleviate water scarcity. Led by Colonel Montague James, the Maroons helped the colonial forces to put down the revolt, and in the process the Jamaican Maroons in Sierra Leone secured the best houses and farms. But if a woman gets married, she will not be entitled as the head of the house any more. A small community of Orthodox Christians resides in the capital Freetown.[175]. [195][196] Yellow fever and malaria are endemic to Sierra Leone. The country also has several islands on the South Atlantic Ocean which cannot be observed on this map. La Sierra Leone possède un littoral de 340 kilomètres (210 miles) de long. Margai was accused of favouring members of his own Mende ethnic group for prominent positions. However, oftentimes the documentation would be overwhelmingly subjective and would result in inaccurate entries, making them difficult to track. As designated by the Sierra Leone Constitution, the vice-president is to become the new president of Sierra Leone upon the death, resignation, or removal of the President. In April 2010, the SLBS merged with the United Nations peacekeeping radio station in Sierra Leone to form the Sierra Leone Broadcasting Corporation,[217][218] the government-owned current national broadcaster in Sierra Leone. Carte SIM Prepayé pour Sierra Leone et economisez 100% sur les frais d'itinerance à l'etranger. Exports: Sierra Leone's customs authorities enforce strict regulations concerning the export of gems and precious minerals, such as diamonds and gold. Nom : Carte topographique Sierra Leone, altitude, relief.. Coordonnées : 6.75500 -13.50034 9.99997 -10.27168. Poyo is a popular Sierra Leonean drink. 4 janv. Most of the proposals came from leaders of the Protectorate, whose population far outnumbered that in the colony. Principled leadership is required in all spheres of government… [211][212] In early August 2014 Guinea closed its borders to Sierra Leone to help contain the spreading of the virus, which originated in Guinea, as more new cases of the disease were being reported in Sierra Leone than in Guinea. Carte de Sierra Leone. The president is elected by popular vote to a maximum of two five-year terms. The vast majority of Kissi are Christians. The airport has paved runways longer than 3,047 metres (9,997 feet). War and state collapse: The case of Sierra Leone, "NPRC's Komba Kambo Speaks After Eleven Years Of Silence! In March 1976, Stevens was elected without opposition for a second five-year term as president. [45][46], On 27 April 1961, Sir Milton Margai led Sierra Leone to independence from Great Britain and became the country's first Prime Minister. [56] The situation has improved considerably since then with primary school enrolment doubling between 2001 and 2005 and the reconstruction of many schools since the end of the war. Les commandes sur la droite animent les prévisions. The executive branch of the Government of Sierra Leone, headed by the president of Sierra Leone has extensive powers and influences. At the end of the 19th century, the industry went into decline, and when radio was introduced in the 1930s, it became the primary communication media in the country. The Krios, led by Isaac Wallace-Johnson, opposed the proposals, as they would have resulted in reducing the political power of the Krios in the Colony. After the return to civilian rule, by-elections were held (beginning in autumn 1968) and an all-APC cabinet was appointed. Brooklyn Museum. Karefa-Smart led a prominent small minority faction within the SLPP party in opposition of Albert Margai as Prime Minister. | Strung between the mountains and the sea, Sierra Leone's capital is a cheeky, quicksilver city bubbling with energy, colour and charm. After they established Granville Town, most of the first group of colonists died, owing to disease and warfare with the indigenous African peoples (Temne), who resisted their encroachment. The northern section of this has been categorised by the World Wildlife Fund as part of the Guinean forest-savanna mosaic ecoregion, while the south is rain-forested plains and farmland. [177], In Sierra Leone, normally, men are automatically positioned as household heads; and their status does not change if their marital status changes over time. Its capital, Falaba, was on the rich trading routes leading to the coast. In the 1972 by-elections, the opposition SLPP complained of intimidation and procedural obstruction by the APC and militia. To donate now, click according to your country of residence. Bai Sherbro was influential and powerful, so the British greatly feared him. [181] Not having the capital to start a new business is the biggest barrier for women. The Paramount Chiefs are very influential, particularly in villages and small rural towns. Koroma was re-elected president for a second (and final) term in November 2012. The Sierra Leone Civil War resulted in the destruction of 1,270 primary schools, and in 2001, 67% of all school-age children were out of school. Madam Yoko, (c. 1849–1906) was a brilliant woman of culture and ambition. Of the refugees remaining in Sierra Leone, nearly all were Liberian.[141]. Infoplease is the world's largest free reference site. In the early 19th century, Freetown served as the residence of the British colonial governor of the region, who also administered the Gold Coast (now Ghana) and the Gambia settlements. A general election was called later that year in which corruption was again endemic; the APC won 74 seats and the SLPP 15. Within days, Freetown was overwhelmed by the presence of the RUF combatants who came to the city in thousands. A key indicator of success will be the effectiveness of government management of its diamond sector. The Colony was Freetown and its coastal area; the Protectorate was defined as the hinterland areas dominated by local chiefs. According to a 2010 estimates by the Pew Research Center[145] 78% of Sierra Leone's population are Muslims (mostly Sunni), 20.9 are Christians (mostly Protestants) and 1% belong to a traditional African religion or other beliefs. The coast has areas of low-lying Guinean mangroves swamp. Because Madam Yoko supported the British, some sub-chiefs rebelled, causing Yoko to take refuge in the police barracks. Sierra Leone's current Defense Minister Alfred Paolo Conteh is an ethnic Limba. [90] Sierra Leone is a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US military (as covered under Article 98). The Sierra Leone cricket team represents Sierra Leone in international cricket competitions, and is among the best in West Africa. There are a few internationally linked automated teller machines that accept Visa cards in Freetown operated by ProCredit Bank. The rice is prepared in numerous ways, and topped with a variety of sauces made from some of Sierra Leone's favourite toppings, including potato leaves, cassava leaves, crain crain, okra soup, fried fish and groundnut stew.[215]. Females, experiencing higher levels of rapes, presented greater signs of depression and anxiety. In October 1999, the United Nations agreed to send peacekeepers to help restore order and disarm the rebels. Although women account for about 50 per cent of the population in Sierra Leone, only 28 per cent are household heads. Because of their trading, the Fulas are found in nearly all parts of the country. Sierra Leone is also a member of the United Nations and its specialised agencies, the African Union, the African Development Bank (AFDB), the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), and the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM). Elle a accédé à l'indépendance le 27 avril 1961 et elle est membre du Commonwealth. [127] It is located near the Seli River and Freetown and was estimated to produce about 50 megawatts of electricity. Trouvez l’adresse qui vous intéresse sur la carte de Freetown ou préparez un calcul d'itinéraire à partir de ou vers Freetown, trouvez tous les sites touristiques et les restaurants du Guide Michelin dans ou à proximité de Freetown. In his first public broadcast to the nation following the 1996 coup, Brigadier Bio stated that his support for returning Sierra Leone to a democratically elected civilian government and his commitment to ending the civil war were his motivations for the coup. [121] In the 1970s and early 1980s, economic growth rate slowed because of a decline in the mining sector and increasing corruption among government officials. Its members represented both British who hoped to inspire local entrepreneurs and those with interest in the Macauley & Babington Company, which held the (British) monopoly on Sierra Leone trade.[34]. By 2004, the disarmament process was complete. [109] Brigadier General Alfred Nelson-Williams who was appointed by president Koroma succeeded the retired Major General Edward Sam M'boma on 12 September 2008 as the Chief of Defence Staff of the Military.[110]. In 1896 it annexed these areas, declaring them the Sierra Leone Protectorate. The average temperature is 26 °C (78.8 °F) and varies from around 26 to 36 °C (78.8 to 96.8 °F) during the year. Upon Milton Margai's unexpected death in 1964, his half-brother, Sir Albert Margai, was appointed as Prime Minister by parliament. It is listed among countries of concern for emissions, as having Low Forest Cover with High Rates of Deforestation (LFHD). The standard of print journalism tends to be low owing to lack of training, and people trust the information published in newspapers less than that found on the radio.[228]. This left them traumatised, with an estimated 400,000 people (by 2009) being mentally ill. Thousands of former child soldiers have fallen into substance abuse as they try to blunt their memories. In addition, the British annexation of the Protectorate interfered with the sovereignty of indigenous chiefs. In October 2000, a UN-approved certification system for exporting diamonds from the country was put in place and led to a dramatic increase in legal exports. "Chiefs: Economic Development and Elite Control of Civil Society in Sierra Leone,", This page was last edited on 11 February 2021, at 09:27. Nyagua, (c. 1842–1906), also known as the tracking king, was a fierce King who captured many districts and many came to join him for protection. Sierra Leone was a British Crown Colony from 1808 to 1961. Passengers cross the river to Aberdeen Heliports in Freetown by hovercraft, ferry or a helicopter. [153][154] The vast majority of Sierra Leonean Muslims are adherent to the Maliki school of Sunni Islam. The Krio have traditionally dominated Sierra Leone's judiciary and Freetown's elected city council. Accordingly, they began to consider Sir Albert a threat to the ruling houses across the country. While the district councils are under the oversight of their respective provincial administrations, the municipalities are directly overseen by the Ministry of Local Government & Community Development and thus administratively independent of district and provincial administrations. Cartes Statiques pour Sierra Leone. [193] Between June and July 2019, the FRCSL trained 1,000 community members from Makeni to be first responders and equipped each trainee with a first aid kit. NBA superstars LeBron James, Kobe Bryant and Kevin Durant are popular among Sierra Leone's youthful population. Ghana Medical Journal [serial online]. Everyone needs a work permit. All persons entering Sierra Leone must have a valid passport or travel document. [149][150][151] The Islamic holidays of Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha and Maulid-un-Nabi (Birthday of the Islamic prophet Muhammad) are observed as national holidays in Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone Tourism: Tripadvisor has 4,735 reviews of Sierra Leone Hotels, Attractions, and Restaurants making it your best Sierra Leone resource. Radio is the most-popular and most-trusted media in Sierra Leone, with 85% of people having access to a radio and 72% of people in the country listening to the radio daily. The capital and largest city is Freetown. Elements of the British Army, together with administrators and politicians, remained after withdrawal to help train the armed forces, improve the infrastructure of the country and administer financial and material aid. English is the official language used in schools and government administration; however, Krio is the most widely spoken language across Sierra Leone, spoken by 97% of the country's population. The soldiers immediately released Koroma from prison and installed him as their chairman and Head of State. 132 members are elected concurrently with the presidential elections; the other 14 seats are filled by paramount chiefs from the country's 14 administrative districts. But at the equivalent tournament in 2006, Division Three of the African region of the World Cricket League, it finished as runner-up to Mozambique, and just missed a promotion to Division Two. Islam was introduced by Susu traders, merchants and migrants from the north and east, becoming widely adopted in the 18th century. [179] The vulnerability in infected women with Ebola grows when health institutions cannot provide a high quality service because they are full or do not have the right equipment to treat the patients. octobre 2006 Prolifération de conflits dans l’indifférence. [71][133], Population density varies greatly within Sierra Leone. Between 1991 and 2001, about 50,000 people were killed in Sierra Leone's civil war. The six municipalities include Freetown, which functions as the local government for the Western Area Urban District, and Bo, Bonthe, Kenema, Koidu, and Makeni.[93][95][96]. Sierra Leone became independent from the United Kingdom on 27 April 1961, led by Sir Milton Margai, who became the country's first prime minister.